321 Stainless Steel Pipe/Tube Details
Overview
321 stainless steel pipe/tube is an austenitic stainless steel alloy that includes titanium to stabilize the material and prevent the formation of chromium carbides at high temperatures. This grade is designed to offer excellent resistance to high-temperature oxidation and corrosion, making it suitable for applications that involve elevated temperatures and harsh environments.
Key Characteristics
High-Temperature Stability: Provides excellent resistance to oxidation and maintains strength at elevated temperatures up to 1500°F (815°C).
Good Corrosion Resistance: Offers resistance to intergranular corrosion, particularly in environments where chromium carbide precipitation might occur.
Stabilized Structure: Titanium addition stabilizes the steel, preventing carbide precipitation and enhancing its overall performance at high temperatures.
Weldability: Can be easily welded using standard techniques, with good weldability and reduced risk of weld decay.
Formability: Easily fabricated into various shapes and sizes with good formability.
Magnetic Properties: Generally non-magnetic in the annealed condition, but may become slightly magnetic when cold-worked.
Chemical Composition
Carbon (C): ≤ 0.08%
Manganese (Mn): 2.00%
Silicon (Si): ≤ 1.00%
Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.045%
Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030%
Chromium (Cr): 17.00-19.00%
Nickel (Ni): 9.00-12.00%
Titanium (Ti): 5 × (C + N) - 0.70% (minimum)
Common Applications
Aerospace: Used in aerospace applications, including exhaust systems and aircraft components, where high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance are critical.
Chemical Processing: Employed in chemical processing equipment and reactors that operate at elevated temperatures and aggressive conditions.
Power Generation: Suitable for power generation equipment, including boilers and turbines, where high temperature and corrosion resistance are essential.
Oil and Gas: Used in the oil and gas industry for components exposed to high temperatures and corrosive environments.
Marine Applications: Applied in marine environments for parts that require resistance to high temperatures and potential corrosive elements.
Advantages
Exceptional High-Temperature Performance: Maintains strength and oxidation resistance at high temperatures, making it suitable for extreme environments.
Improved Corrosion Resistance: Stabilized structure reduces the risk of intergranular corrosion and provides reliable performance in harsh conditions.
Good Weldability: Can be easily welded with standard techniques, ensuring strong and reliable weld joints.
Versatile Fabrication: Easily formed and fabricated into various shapes and sizes, allowing for flexible design and construction.
Durable: Offers long-term durability and resistance to wear and tear in demanding applications.
Summary
321 stainless steel pipe/tube is a high-performance austenitic stainless steel designed for applications requiring superior high-temperature stability, corrosion resistance, and weldability. Its chemical composition, including titanium for stabilization, provides excellent performance in elevated temperatures and harsh environments, making it suitable for aerospace, chemical processing, power generation, oil and gas, and marine applications. With its combination of strength, durability, and versatility, 321 stainless steel is a reliable choice for demanding industrial applications.
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